150 interesting & exciting facts about Mexico to surprise you

New to Mexico? Check out these 150 mind-blowing facts about Mexico and Mexican culture.

Visiting Mexico for the first time can be overwhelming. The myriad of scents, sounds, and scenes you’ll encounter on your first visit can leave you wondering what to do or how to navigate Mexican society. Fortunately, Mexican people are extremely warm and welcoming and will help guide the way.

In that spirit, this guide will cover 150 fun facts about Mexico that will help you understand the country much better. Whether you’re brand new to Mexico or are already familiar with it, you’ll be able to learn something new about this eclectic and energizing country. Even native Mexicans will surely learn something new from the following interesting facts about Mexico!

So, from interesting geographical formations to famous places in Mexico, let’s get started with these fun Mexican facts!

Table Of Contents

• Basic facts about Mexico
• Surprising facts you didn’t know about Mexico
• Interesting historical facts about Mexico
• Facts about Mexico’s cultural riches
• Unique facts about the natural wonders in Mexico
• Modern facts about Mexico
• Fun, interesting, and quirky facts
• Conclusion

Basic facts about Mexico

Before we dive into the more unique facts about Mexico, let’s start from the basics. If you’ve never visited Mexico before, then you might not know that it ranks in the top 15 among all 200+ countries in most major metrics — population, land area, economy, etc. Here are some of the most important facts about Mexico:

Surprising facts you didn’t know about Mexico

Even if you’ve been many times or have lived in Mexico for a while now, there are a lot of surprising facts about Mexico that even natives don’t know about. Here are some of the most unexpected fun facts about Mexico:

Mexico City is sinking 50centimeters per year

The Aztecs originally built present-day Mexico City on top of the ancient Lake Texcoco. Today, engineers have to manage the subsidence of about 50 cm per year (almost 20 inches) due to the city’s unstable foundation.

Mexico introduced chocolate, chilies, and corn to the world

Mexico is the original home of chocolate, chilies, and corn, staple ingredients consumed all over the world today. These were first cultivated by ancient Mesoamerican civilizations and have since become integral to cuisines worldwide.

The Yucatán Peninsula was hit by the asteroid that ended the dinosaurs

The Chicxulub crater is believed to be the impact site of the asteroid that caused the mass extinction of the dinosaurs 65 million years ago. The impact point is offshore to the north of the Yucatán Peninsula, but the city of Mérida is located within the impact ring.

Tip: Google “Chicxulub crater” for a fun surprise!

The first printing press in North America was in Mexico

The first printing press in North America was established in Mexico City in 1539, almost a full century before it was introduced in what is now the United States. This marked the beginning of printed news in the Americas.

North America’s first university was in Mexico

The Royal and Pontifical University of Mexico was the first university in North America, founded in 1551. It was shut down in the 19th century as the Mexican government sought to secularize education, and the Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM) is considered to be its successor.

Poinsettia plants come from Mexico

The poinsettia, known locally as “Noche Buena,” is native to Mexico. This flower is a popular decoration during Christmas thanks to its beautiful red and green colors.

Mexico has one of the New Seven Wonders of the World

As stated in the name, there are only seven wonders in the entire world — and Mexico has one of them. Chichén Itzá, or, more specifically, El Castillo or Temple of Kukulcan, is one of the New Seven Wonders of the World. Located in the Yucatán Peninsula just a couple of hours away from Cancún, this ancient Maya site is visited by millions of tourists every year.

Mexico is the world’s largest exporter of beer

Mexico exports almost $6 billion worth of beer, making it the world’s largest exporter. In fact, Mexico’s beer exports represent over one-third of the worldwide beer exports, making it a dream for beer lovers. Make sure you know how to order beer in Spanish before your next trip!

Mexico has the world’s largest crystal caves

The Naica Mine — aptly nicknamed The Cave of the Crystals — is the largest crystal cave in the world. The largest crystals there measure 36 feet (11 meters) and can be found at a depth of 300 meters in the state of Chihuahua.

Mexico is the largest exporter in Latin America

Mexico is the world’s 9th largest exporter, with about $600 billion in annual exports. Its largest trading partner is the United States, followed by Canada. The three countries are part of the United States–Mexico–Canada Agreement (USMCA), which is a free trade agreement that drastically simplifies the export-import process among the three member countries. The USMCA countries represent almost 30% of the world’s GDP, making this the largest trade block in the world.

Interesting historical facts about Mexico

Mexico’s history is one of constant struggle and continuous evolution. Pre-conquest, Mexico had a number of thriving indigenous civilizations, including the Aztecs, Mayans, Toltecs, and more. Since the conquest in 1521, Mexico has endured three centuries of colonial rule, several dictatorships, a monarchy, and many revolutions. Here are some interesting historical facts about Mexico:

Ancient civilizations

Although located on the “New Continent,” Mexico has an incredible history that spans thousands of years. In fact, the largest pre-Columbian city in the Americas was located in present-day Mexico City, and pre-Columbian civilizations were much more advanced than those in other continents in several aspects, including hygiene and astronomy. Let’s take a look at some interesting facts about Mexico’s ancient civilizations.

Teotihuacán was once the largest city in the Americas

With a population estimated between 100,000 and 200,000 people at its peak, Teotihuacán was a bustling economic hub that influenced the entire Mesoamerican region.

The Mayan calendar was more accurate than the Julian calendar

The Mayans had an exceptional understanding of astronomical cycles, as demonstrated by their calendar. It had a margin of error of less than one day in 5,000 years, making it more precise than the calendar used in Europe at the same time.

Tenochtitlan featured one of the earliest complex water management systems

Built on an island in Lake Texcoco, the Aztec capital included a series of canals and causeways that controlled flooding. They were also used for transportation, as canoes were the main method of transportation.

The Olmecs are known for their colossal stone head sculptures

Carved from single giant boulders, these heads represent different rulers and showcase their impressive artistic skills and hierarchical social values.

Monte Albán was one of the first major cities in Mesoamerica

Founded around 500 BC by the Zapotec civilization, Monte Albán was strategically built on a flattened hilltop, providing defensive advantages and a panoramic view of the surrounding valleys.

The Mixtecs excelled in fine gold jewelry and sculptures

Their intricate gold artifacts show a high level of sophistication, making this one of the most interesting ancient civilizations in Mexico. You can see many of these artifacts at the Museo de Arte Prehispánico de México Rufino Tamayo in Oaxaca.

Chichen Itza’s El Castillo is architecturally aligned with astronomical events

The pyramid is designed to cast the shadow of a serpent during the equinoxes, attracting thousands of visitors annually and highlighting the Maya’s integration of astronomical knowledge into their architecture.

The Zapotecs built one of the earliest known observatories at Monte Albán

Known as the “Building of the Astronomer,” this structure was used to track celestial events, which were crucial for their calendar and ritual activities.

The Aztecs had mandatory education for nearly all children

In Tenochtitlán, children were educated in two main types of schools: the Calmécac for the nobility and the Telpochcalli for the commoners, where they learned military tactics, astronomy, and governance from an early age.

The Great Pyramid of Cholula is considered the largest pyramid in volume in the world

Dedicated to the deity Quetzalcoatl, this massive structure has a base four times larger than that of the Great Pyramid at Giza and twice the volume, although it’s not as tall. It does hold the Guinness World Record for the largest pyramid in the world, though!

Historical landmarks

Mexico has hundreds of impressive historical landmarks representing different indigenous civilizations and periods in Mexico’s colonial history. In fact, Mexico is the 8th country with the most UNESCO World Heritage Sites, ranking at the top of all countries in the Americas. These are just a few interesting facts about Mexico’s landmarks that any history junkie would surely love:

Chichén Itzá is one of the seven wonders of the world

Located in the Yucatán Peninsula, this site is famed for its massive pyramid, El Castillo, which was designed to cast snake-like shadows at the equinoxes. Chichén Itzá was a major economic and political center of the Maya civilization. It’s a must-visit if you ever vacation in Cancún!

Teotihuacán is famous for its monumental pyramids like the Pyramid of the Sun

Located about an hour away from Mexico City, this ancient city features some of the largest pyramidal structures in the pre-Columbian Americas, reflecting its significance as an urban and ceremonial center.

Tulum was an important port and defensive stronghold for the Maya civilization

Located on the Yucatán cliffs overlooking the Caribbean Sea, Tulum is one of the best-preserved coastal Maya sites, offering pristine beaches, a large ecological reserve, and plenty of well-preserved Mayan ruins.

The Basílica de Guadalupe is the most visited Catholic pilgrimage site in the world

Located in Mexico City, it houses the cloak with the image of Our Lady of Guadalupe, drawing millions of visitors every year. A new building was built in 1976 right next to the old temple, as the old structure was too unstable to be reliably visited by millions of people every day. Today, you can still visit the old structure and see for yourself how crooked the walls are!

The Fortress of San Juan de Ulúa in Veracruz played a critical role in the Mexican-American War

Originally built by the Spanish in the 16th century to protect against pirate attacks, this complex served various roles throughout its history, including as a fortress, prison, and presidential residence. Its strategic location made it a key point of defense during the colonial period and the Mexican-American War.

The current center of Mexico City was the center of the former Tenochtitlan

The Spaniards demolished the old city of Tenochtitlan after the conquest and rebuilt it fully from scratch. It wasn’t until 1978 that ruins from Templo Mayor, the center of Tenochtitlan, were discovered underneath el Zócalo, the center of Mexico City. Today, you can see the ruins of Templo Mayor just a few steps from el Zócalo.

The cenotes in Yucatán were considered portals to the underworld

Formed by the collapse of porous limestone bedrock, cenotes are underground water reservoirs that you can find all over the Yucatán Peninsula. They’re a significant part of the Maya culture and are believed to be portals to the underworld.

The historic center of Puebla is a UNESCO World Heritage Site

Known for its well-preserved Renaissance and Baroque architecture, the city is a blend of European and indigenous architectural styles. This earned it its distinction as a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

Uxmal is one of the largest Mayan archeological sites

Another UNESCO World Heritage Site, this ancient town is considered an architectural marvel. The Nunnery Quadrangle is a complex building believed to have served as a school or administrative center. Its façade is adorned with Chaac masks, geometric patterns, and depictions of the gods, exemplifying the Puuc style’s emphasis on elaborate mosaics.

The Chapultepec Castle is the only royal castle in the Americas

Located on top of a hill within Chapultepec Park in the center of Mexico City, this historic building served as the residence of Emperor Maximilian I of Mexico, the only monarch of the Second Mexican Empire. Built in 1785 as a summer house for the Spanish viceroys, it later became the official residence of Maximilian and his wife, Carlota, transforming it into a true royal castle.

Facts about Mexican independence and revolution

Mexico as a modern state was established in 1821 after a revolutionary struggle that lasted over 10 years. Although independence was achieved, a century of political turmoil and coups followed, culminating in the Mexican Revolution almost exactly one century after Mexican Independence. Here are some of the key facts about Mexico’s political history:

Mexican Independence began on September 16, 1810

Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla, a Catholic priest, started the Mexican War of Independence with a cry for liberation from Spanish rule, known as the Grito de Dolores. His call sparked a massive popular uprising, encouraging widespread revolutionary activities across Mexico.

Hidalgo’s army consisted mainly of peasants and Indigenous Mexicans

Led by Miguel Hidalgo, his force grew as they marched toward Mexico City, gaining support from lower social classes. Their participation highlighted the widespread discontent with Spanish colonial rule among the Mexican people.

Hidalgo was executed in 1811 and replaced by Morelos

After Hidalgo’s execution, José María Morelos y Pavón took over the leadership of the independence movement. Morelos proved to be a capable military leader, continuing to fight for freedom with a clear vision for a sovereign Mexico.

The Plan of Iguala promised independence and equality

Drafted by Agustín de Iturbide in 1821, the Plan of Iguala was a pivotal document that proposed Mexican independence under the guarantees of unity, independence, and the protection of Roman Catholicism.

It was the Treaty of Córdoba that secured Mexico’s independence from Spain

Signed in 1821, the Treaty of Córdoba marked the formal recognition of Mexican independence by the Spanish Crown following the successful implementation of the Plan of Iguala and the subsequent military victories of the revolutionary forces.

Agustín de Iturbide declared himself Mexico’s first emperor shortly after victory

After leading the final charge for independence, Agustín de Iturbide declared himself Emperor of Mexico in 1822. His reign was short-lived, however, as political opposition and lack of support led to his abdication and exile.

The Mexican Revolution began in 1910, almost exactly 100 years after Independence

After the prolonged dictatorship of Porfirio Díaz, Francisco I. Madero initiated the Mexican Revolution by advocating for democratic reforms. His call for change sparked widespread rebellion, leading to a decade-long struggle to reshape Mexican society.

The Mexican Revolution is considered the first social revolution in the world

This revolution inspired subsequent revolutions around the world by demonstrating that social and economic reforms could be achieved through revolutionary means. This set a precedent for revolutions like the French and Russian revolutions, which happened a few years later.

The Constitution of 1917 introduced sweeping social reforms

Adopted in the midst of the revolution, Mexico’s 1917 Constitution addressed major social issues, including land reform, labor conditions, and secular education. It remains the basis for Mexican law and governance.

The PRI party dominated Mexican politics after the Revolution

Formed in the aftermath of the revolution, the Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI) governed Mexico from 1929 until 2000. The party’s long tenure shaped Mexico’s political landscape, promoting stability and gradual reform but also engaged in authoritarian practices.

Facts about Mexico’s cultural riches

Mexican culture is incredibly rich and diverse, from arts and music to indigenous heritage. This results in an extremely lively cultural scene filled with festivals, music, and delicious food. Let’s take a look.

Festivals and traditions in Mexico

Mexico rarely goes a day without having some type of festival, holiday or celebration of some sort. In fact. the days between December 12 and January 6 are nicknamed “Guadalupe–Reyes,” referring to the holidays between the Day of the Virgin of Guadalupe and the Día de Reyes (Epiphany). This is a celebratory time in the country where everyone is celebrating almost every day. Outside this period, you can find some of the following celebrations:

Cinco de Mayo isn’t widely celebrated in Mexico

Although this holiday has become a popular Mexican celebration abroad, most Mexicans don’t celebrate it at all. It commemorates the Mexican army’s triumph over French forces at the Battle of Puebla on May 5, 1862. This victory holds great historical significance, as the French army was much larger and better equipped, so it was an unlikely victory.

Día de los Muertos isn’t “Mexican Halloween”

Día de los Muertos is observed from October 31st to November 2nd and, although also spooky in nature, is completely unrelated to Halloween. This ancient Indigenous celebration involves colorful altars, cemetery visits, and festive celebrations to commemorate our loved ones who’ve passed.

Festival Internacional Cervantino celebrates global arts

The Festival Internacional Cervantino in Guanajuato is one of Latin America’s largest art festivals. It features an extensive collection of performances from around the world, showcasing both national and international talent.

Carnaval features Mexico’s largest parades

In coastal cities like Veracruz and Mazatlán, Carnaval brings Mexico’s largest and most colorful parades. There, you’ll find people dancing in elaborate costumes, loud music, and an overall cheerful atmosphere, which draws thousands of visitors from all over the country.

The San Marcos National Fair includes over 100 acres of entertainment

Held annually in Aguascalientes, the San Marcos National Fair is one of Mexico’s oldest and most traditional fairs. It combines art, agriculture, and entertainment, reflecting the culture and spirit of the region.

Rosca de Reyes hides a surprise inside

During the celebration of Epiphany on January 6th, families all over Mexico enjoy the Rosca de Reyes, sweet bread with a small figurine of baby Jesus hidden inside. Whoever finds the figurine hosts the upcoming Candlemas celebration and must prepare tamales for friends and family.

The International Mariachi Festival can be heard all over Guadalajara

Every year, the International Mariachi Festival in Guadalajara celebrates Jalisco’s iconic music, drawing mariachi bands from around the globe to compete, perform, and teach, filling the city with music and festive spirit.

Leon’s International Balloon Festival features over 200 simultaneous hot air balloons

Each November, the skies of León, Guanajuato, are filled with color during the International Balloon Festival. Participants from all over the world showcase their spectacular hot air balloons, making it one of the most visually stunning festivals in Mexico.

Mexico has a festival dedicated to Mexico

If you want to learn more about or celebrate Mexican culture, you must attend Festival de Mexico in Mexico City. Held annually, the festival includes a wide variety of performances, including music, opera, dance, and theater.

There’s a firefly festival in Tlaxcala

Every June to August, the forests of Nanacamilpa in Tlaxcala light up at night with thousands of fireflies, putting on a magical show. This natural phenomenon has given rise to a unique festival where visitors can experience the enchanting light show in the woods.

Cool facts about Mexican cuisine

You might already be familiar with Mexican food, no matter where you are in the world, but Mexican cuisine is a whole different animal once you’re in Mexico. The country’s culinary traditions vary widely from region to region as different communities take advantage of local ingredients and their ancestral legacy.

Mexican cuisine was the first cuisine in the world to be recognized by UNESCO

In 2010, UNESCO designated Mexican cuisine an Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity. Known for its diverse flavors and ingredients, such as corn, beans, avocado, tomato, and chili, Mexican dishes such as tacos, enchiladas, and mole offer rich culinary experiences.

Chocolate originated in Mexico

The Olmecs, Mexico’s earliest civilization, were the first to turn the cacao plant into chocolate, using it as a drink. It was later modified by the Maya and Aztecs, who revered it as a sacred crop. Eventually, it made its way to Europe, where the version of chocolate we all love was created.

Spicy chili peppers are a staple in Mexican culture

Mexico is home to over 60 varieties of chili peppers. They range from mild to extremely hot, adding depth and flavor to dishes. Besides heat, chilies add a complex flavor to Mexico’s culinary treasures. In fact, Mole Poblano, one of Mexico’s national dishes, combines chocolate and dishes to create a rich and extremely flavorful sauce.

Insects are featured extensively in Mexican cuisine

Insects like chapulines (grasshoppers), escamoles (ant larvae), and maguey worms are found in traditional foods all around Mexico. But don’t be scared! Besides adding a salty taste and crunchy texture to dishes, these insects pack a ton of protein and are incredibly sustainable — so much so that they’re often dubbed the future of food!

Mexico has up to 5,000 different types of tamales

It is estimated that there are over 5,000 unique types of tamales across Mexico. This ancient meal dates back to the Aztec and Maya and were created to be portable food for warriors. They’re corn dough blocks stuffed with fillings like meats and vegetables, wrapped in corn husks or banana leaves.

The Caesar Salad was invented in Tijuana

It was created by Italian immigrant Caesar Cardini during the 1920s, first prepared in Cardini’s restaurant. It quickly became a fan favorite and spread all over the world. Today, you can still visit Cardini’s restaurant to try the original Caesar salad, prepared tableside like in the old days.

Tequila and mezcal originated in Mexico

Two of the most popular liquors worldwide originated in Mexico. Although they both come from agave plants, their fermentation process is different. Mezcal is known for its distinctive smokey flavor, which comes from roasting the agave in pit ovens.

Mole sauce is made with over 20 ingredients

This iconic Mexican sauce is made with more than 20 ingredients, including chocolate and chili peppers. Its preparation is intricate, and Mexico’s highest-rated restaurant, Pujol, is famous for serving a mole with over 100 ingredients that have been cooked for almost 3,000 days.

Mexican vanilla is considered the world’s best

Grown primarily in the lush, tropical regions of Veracruz, Mexican vanilla is highly popular for its deep, rich flavor and aromatic qualities.

You can have tacos any day, any time, for any reason

It’s true! If you grew up outside Mexico, you might consider tacos strictly for lunch or dinner meals. However, Mexican people disagree. Breakfast tacos are extremely common, and you can even find small snack tacos on the street if you’re looking for a quick bite before your next full meal.

Music and dance in Mexico

Mexican music and dance are highly celebrated all over the world, from the traditional Mariachi to the more recent Mexican singers who have attained international fame, like Peso Pluma and Christian Nodal. Here are some interesting facts about Mexican music and dance:

Mariachi is a UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage

Originating in Jalisco in the 19th century, Mariachi bands feature violins, trumpets, and guitars. Music plays a key role in celebrations and festivals, particularly during Mexican weddings and birthdays.

“La Bamba” is a Mexican song

Although its Caribbean flair might make you think it’s from Cuba or the Dominican Republic, this classic song originates in the coastal state of Veracruz. It retains indigenous influences in its rhythm, showcasing Mexico’s diverse cultural history.

The guitarrón, a mariachi staple, has no frets

This large, six-string bass is an essential part of any mariachi band, providing guidance for pitch entirely by ear due to its lack of frets, which is unusual for stringed instruments.

Mexico’s oldest music school predates many modern conservatories

The National School of Music at the National Autonomous University of Mexico was founded in 1929, shaping Mexican classical music well before many contemporary institutions were established.

Norteño music owes its beat to European immigrants

The accordion, introduced by German immigrants in the 19th century, became a staple of Norteño music. It manages to blend Mexican corridos with polka rhythms to create a new musical genre.

Juan Gabriel’s last concert was a historic marathon

Juan Gabriel was one of the most iconic Mexican singers of all time, known for his dramatic performances and emotional ballads. His final performance, just one week before his death, lasted a staggering 4 hours, showing his legendary stamina and dedication to his fans.

Agustín Lara’s songs have traveled into outer space

His song “Granada” flew about NASA’s Space Shuttle Discovery, serenading astronauts with passionate lyrics.

Mexican music deeply influenced the global jazz scene

Jazz trumpeter Chet Baker was profoundly influenced by Mexican music, incorporating its melodic and rhythmic elements into his playing, which added a unique flavor to the American jazz scene.

Mexico’s “grito” is a unique musical expression based on a loud scream

The “grito” is a distinctive feature of Mexican music — particularly mariachi. It’s a joyful, expressive shout that is part emotional release and part celebration.

Unique facts about the natural wonders in Mexico

Mexico is considered one of Earth’s “megadiverse” countries, placing it at the top of lists on biodiversity, natural landmarks, and more. If you love nature or simply spending time outdoors, then Mexico should be at the top of your travel list!

Mexico’s biodiversity

Mexico’s regional diversity encompasses tropical beaches, wet rainforests, lush alpine forests, arid deserts, and much more. The result? An incredibly biodiverse country with thousands of plant and animal species, many of which are only local to Mexico. Here are 10 fun facts about Mexico’s biodiversity.

Mexico is one of the world’s “megadiverse” countries

Mexico is home to over 200,000 species, which makes it one of the top five most biodiverse countries in the world! It is estimated that Mexico hosts up to 12% of the world’s biological diversity.

The Monarch Butterfly Biosphere Reserve is a winter wonderland for butterflies

Each year, millions of monarch butterflies migrate from the United States and Canada all the way to Michoacán, in central Mexico. They put on a spectacular show as they congregate every winter in the forests of Michoacán!

Mexico is the second country with the most reptiles in the world

With over 1000 unique reptile species, Mexico has more reptiles than any other country in the world — except for Australia. This remarkable diversity includes all kinds of snakes, lizards, and turtles, highlighting Mexico’s unique ecosystems.

The axolotl is native only to Mexico

This unique salamander species, known for its ability to regenerate limbs and other body parts, is found exclusively in the lake complex of Xochimilco near Mexico City. You can also find it on the newest 50 peso bill, which was extremely hard to find upon its original release. Nobody wanted to get rid of their cute axolotl bills!

Mexico’s caves are home to mysterious crystal giants

The Cave of the Crystals in Naica contains some of the largest natural crystals ever discovered, with some selenite crystals reaching up to 12 meters in length and weighing several tons.

Mexico has over 2,000 volcanoes

The Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt is home to most of Mexico’s thousands of volcanoes, including the Popocatépetl and Iztaccíhuatl, which can be seen from Mexico City on a clear day.

The jaguar is North America’s largest cat and roams Mexico’s jungles

Mexico plays a crucial role in the conservation of the jaguar, with many habitats across the country designated as protected areas for this majestic animal.

The Lacandon Jungle holds Mexico's largest rainforests

This incredibly diverse jungle is one of the most biodiverse areas in North America. It’s home to hundreds of endangered species and ancient Maya ruins.

Over 500 bird species migrate to Mexico for the winter

Mexico’s forests and valleys are a key migration location for North American birds that travel south to escape the harsh winters of the north.

The Chihuahuan Desert is the largest desert in North America

Spanning northern Mexico and parts of the United States, this desert is the largest and most biodiverse. It hosts over 350 cacti species and a wide variety of animals.

Interesting natural landmarks

If you enjoy the outdoors, then you must visit Mexico ASAP. The natural beauties you’ll find in this country are like no other, from jaw-dropping canyons to mesmerizing mountains and volcanoes.

Copper Canyon is larger and deeper than the Grand Canyon

Located in the Sierra Madre Occidental mountains in Chihuahua, las Barrancas del Cobre (Copper Canyon) offer jaw-dropping views and a diverse ecosystem.

The Cave of the Swallows is the largest cave shaft in the world

This vertical paradise for adventure seekers, known as la cueva de las golondrinas in Spanish, is the largest cave shaft in the world. It’s located in San Luis Potosí and allows for free-fall base jumping, which attracts thrill-seekers from all over the world.

The Sumidero Canyon features waterfalls that are over 1,000 meters tall

Formed by geological faults during the Pleistocene era, this canyon in the southern state of Chiapas is a spectacle of natural beauty. If you visit, make sure to take a boat ride along the Grijalva River to enjoy these jaw-dropping views.

Pro tip: Beware of the monkeys! They’re not shy!

The El Pinacate and Gran Desierto de Altar Biosphere Reserve features more than 400 volcanic craters

This reserve, located in the northern state of Sonora, contains over 400 volcanic vents, craters, and the vast dunes of the Altar Desert. It’s recognized by UNESCO for its exceptional natural beauty and geological value.

The Sian Ka’an Biosphere Reserve extends over 1.3 million acres

This UNESCO World Heritage Site in Quintana Roo includes tropical forests, marshes, and a barrier reef. It offers a sanctuary for thousands of species of flora and fauna.

The Riviera Maya’s Great Maya Reef is the second-largest barrier reef in the world

You’ve probably heard that the Great Barrier Reef in Australia is the world’s largest, but did you know that the second-largest is right off the coast of Mexico? Stretching over 1,000 kilometers, this reef is a hotspot for diving and snorkeling, teeming with vibrant marine life and colorful coral formations.

The Nevado de Toluca is a volcano with two lagoons inside its crater

Located in Toluca, close to Mexico City, this volcano features two beautiful lagoons: Laguna del Sol and Laguna de la Luna. It’s an excellent spot for a good hike, providing stunning high-latitude scenery.

La Bufadora in Ensenada is the second-tallest blowhole in the world

Located on the Punta Banda Peninsula in Baja California, this natural blowhole shoots ocean water up to 30 meters into the air, creating a spectacular display enjoyed by thousands of tourists all year round.

Laguna Bacalar in Quintana Roo is a seven-color lake

This freshwater lake in Quintana Roo is famous for its strikingly clear water and vivid shades of blue, which earned it its nickname of Lake of Seven Colors. By now, you’ve probably noticed that the state of Quintana Roo tends to come up a lot when it comes to Mexico’s natural beauty. That’s why Cancún airport welcomed over 32 million international tourists in 2023!

Basaseachi Falls are the tallest waterfalls in Mexico

Located in Chihuahua, these waterfalls drop from a height of 246 meters, making them a breathtaking sight and a popular spot for ecotourism and hiking.

Modern facts about Mexico

As rich as Mexico’s history is, the country has evolved into a modern society with thriving metropolises. Mexico City in particular is a cosmopolitan hub of culture, finance, and industry, making it one of the largest cities in the world. Let’s go over some facts about daily life in modern Mexico.

Facts about urban life in Mexico

About 80% of Mexico’s population lives in an urban center, while the other half lives in the countryside. This means that over 100 million Mexicans inhabit one of Mexico’s many bustling cities, from Mexico City to Guadalajara and Tijuana. Here are some facts about urban life in Mexico:

Mexico City is the 5th-largest city in the world according to many metrics

With a population exceeding 21 million people in its metropolitan area, Mexico City is a bustling hub of culture, commerce, and history, making it one of the most populous cities in the world — surpassing cities like London and New York City!

Guadalajara is considered the tech hub of Mexico

Often referred to as the “Silicon Valley of Mexico,” the country’s second-largest city has a thriving technology sector, attracting both startups and major tech companies. Its young and well-educated workforce has made it a very attractive place for technological innovation.

Monterrey is known as the “Sultan of the North”

The nickname reflects Monterrey’s economic strength and its pivotal role in industrial, commercial, and educational development in northern Mexico. It has a reputation for being uppity and fancy, contrasted with Mexico City’s chaotic and eclectic vibes. The movie Cindy la Regia captures this dichotomy perfectly (available on Netflix) and is a great way to understand Mexican culture on a deeper level.

Puebla is famous for its Cinco de Mayo celebration

While Cinco de Mayo has become the infamous Mexican celebration all around the world, it really isn’t that big of a deal anywhere in Mexico except for Puebla. That’s because Cinco de Mayo celebrates the defeat of the French Army in Puebla, which is why you’ll find plenty of celebrations in this gorgeous colonial city.

Mexico City has the largest taxi fleet in the world

The city’s extensive network of 140,000 taxis is essential for navigating the sprawling metropolis. Additionally, Mexico City’s metro is the second-busiest in the Americas, just a tiny bit behind New York City’s subway.

Tijuana is the most visited border city in the world

Located just across the border from San Diego, California, Tijuana attracts millions of visitors each year, serving as a cultural and commercial bridge between Mexico and the United States.

Cancún was specifically designed as a tourist destination in the 1970s

Before its development, Cancun was mostly uninhabited. It was transformed into a major international tourist destination by the Mexican government to boost tourism revenue in one of the world’s first applications of computer algorithms.

Mexico City was originally built on a lake

The Aztecs founded the city on an island in Lake Texcoco in 1325, and engineers drained the lake as the city expanded. Because of this, significant portions of the city today are currently sinking, causing many buildings to look slanted or crooked.

Mexico City has the second-busiest subway system in the Americas

The Mexico City subway serves close to 5 million passengers each day, just slightly behind the New York City subway. This 12-line system provides fast and reliable transportation around the city and also happens to be one of the cheapest subway systems in the world, with fares costing $5 MXN (~$0.25 USD) per ride, regardless of distance.

Acapulco was the original Mexican resort town

Once a glamorous getaway for Hollywood stars in the 1950s and 1960s, Acapulco paved the way for the development of other famous beach resorts in Mexico.

Mexican innovations and contributions

Beyond introducing Mexican food and music to the world, Mexicans have contributed significant scientific innovations and inventions. Color television is one of the most notable contributions, as it completely transformed the way we consume media and enjoy movies and TV. Here are 10 facts about Mexican inventions.

Color television was invented by Guillermo González Camarena

This Mexican engineer invented the color television transmission system in 1940, revolutionizing the way we enjoy media today. His invention allowed for the widespread adoption of color TV and changed the industry as a whole.

Mexico introduced birth control pills to the world

Luis E. Miramontes, a Mexican chemist, synthesized the first oral contraceptive in 1951, playing a pivotal role in global reproductive health advancements.

The concept of zero was used by the ancient Maya

Although not an invention per se, the Maya civilization understood and used the concept of zero in their complex calendar and astronomical calculations long before many cultures did.

The vaccine for leprosy

Mexico was the first country to develop a vaccine for leprosy. Mexican doctor Alberto G. Calva developed it, and it provided a significant advancement in the treatment of this chronic disease.

Mexican engineers created the world’s first earthquake warning system

Developed after the devastating 1985 Mexico City earthquake, this system provides crucial seconds for people to evacuate the building before the earthquake hits. There are numerous alarms strategically placed around the city, so you should familiarize yourself with what the seismic alert sounds like before visiting Mexico City.

A Mexican general invented the first automatic rifle

General Manuel Mondragón invented the Mondragón rifle, the world’s first automatic rifle. It was patented in 1887 and used during the Mexican Revolution and World War I.

The Mesoamerican Ballgame was the first team sport and ball game in history

The Olmecs, Mexico’s earliest known civilization, invented the Mesoamerican ballgame. It was played across ancient Mesoamerica and is considered the world’s first organized game and had significant religious and political importance.

Indelible ink was invented in Mexico as a way to prevent electoral fraud

Filiberto Vázquez Davila invented indelible ink in the 1990s as a way to prevent voter fraud. Now, voters must get their thumbs marked by this ink after voting to prevent repeat voters.

Chewing gum was first used by the Mayans

Mayans used chicle, the basis for modern chewing gum, which they derived from the sap of the sapodilla tree. The modern chewing gum uses this same chicle, which also happens to be the Spanish word for chewing gum.

Mexico invented a method for the conservation of historic monuments using gamma radiation

In collaboration with French scientists, Mexican scientists developed a method for preserving ancient artifacts and historical monuments from decay using gamma radiation. This has become an important tool for maintaining cultural heritage around the world.

Famous personalities

Mexico has countless famous personalities who are known all over the world, for a number of reasons. From painters to poets to movie stars, many Mexicans have become known all over the world for their talent and unique perspectives on life. Here are just 10 of the thousands of famous Mexican people.

Frida Kahlo: Celebrated painter

Frida Kahlo is known all over the world for her deeply personal self-portraits that explore complex themes like identity and suffering. Her work remains a symbol of national and feminist pride. She was featured in the old 500-peso bill until it was replaced in 2018, although some of the bills with Frida can still be found in circulation today.

Diego Rivera: Famous muralist

On the other side of the 500-peso bill was Diego Rivera, Frida Kahlo’s husband, and a world-renowned muralist. He was famous for his large frescoes that helped establish the Mexican Mural Movement. His artworks were often politically charged and featured scenes of Mexico’s history and culture.

Octavio Paz: Nobel Laureate Poet

Octavio Paz was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1990. His poetry and essays delve into the Mexican psyche and universal themes. He was also Mexico’s ambassador to India in the 60s, promoting Mexico’s foreign affairs agenda of employing poets and novelists to help improve diplomatic relations.

Guillermo del Toro: Visionary filmmaker

Del Toro is known for his distinctive films that blend fantasy and reality, winning multiple Academy Awards, including Best Picture for “The Shape of Water.”

Salma Hayek: Critically acclaimed actress

Salma Hayek has gained international fame for not only her roles in film and television but also her advocacy for gender equality. She was born in Veracruz, Mexico and started her career on Mexican television.

Lorena Ochoa: Golf champion

Lorena Ochoa is famous for being the world’s number-one female golfer, a title she held for several consecutive years before retiring.

Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz: Scholar and poet

A nun in New Spain, Sor Juana was a prodigious writer and an early advocate for women’s rights during the colonial era. She’s currently on the 200 peso bill, so you’ll be able to see her quite often when you visit Mexico.

Thalía: The queen of Latin pop

Thalía is recognized globally for her success in music and television, influencing the Latin pop genre with numerous hit songs and telenovelas.

Carlos Santana: Legendary guitarist

Carlos Santana’s fusion of rock with Latin music has made him one of the most influential guitarists of all time. Born in Jalisco, he’s a global phenomenon who is known for his distinctive sound.

Lupita Nyong’o: Famous actress and model

Lupita Nyong’o, born in Mexico City to Kenyan parents, became famous with her Oscar-winning performance in 12 Years a Slave. Fluent in Spanish, English, and Luo, her diverse talents and international upbringing have made her a celebrated figure in Hollywood and a global fashion icon.

Fun, interesting, and quirky facts

Now that you’re familiar with the more elementary facts about Mexico let’s go over a few fun and quirky facts about Mexico that even native Mexicans may not be aware of!

Language diversity

Mexico is one of the most linguistically diverse countries in the world. Not only are there hundreds of live languages and dialects, but the Mexican Constitution actually recognizes dozens of official national languages in addition to Spanish! Here are some facts:

Mexico has 68 national languages

Besides Spanish, Mexico officially recognizes 68 indigenous languages as national languages. This is a prime example of Mexico’s immense cultural diversity.

English has dozens of Nahuatl words

Words like chocolate, avocado, and tomato have been adopted directly from Nahuatl, one of the most popular indigenous languages of Mexico.

Almost one million people speak Maya today

It is estimated that there are around 800,000 speakers of the Mayan language today, almost all of them concentrated in the Yucatán Peninsula.

Mexico City slang is in a league of its own

The “chilango” slang, spoken by people in Mexico City and the neighboring State of Mexico, features a rich lexicon that evolves quickly. This distinctive urban language includes words and phrases that are often incomprehensible to those from other parts of Mexico, showing just how diverse Mexican slang can be.

“Spanglish” thrives at the border

In border towns next to the United States, “Spanglish” — a blend of Spanish and English — is commonly spoken. This is a true reflection of the intermingling of American and Mexican cultures.

Classical Nahuatl was the language of the Aztecs

Before Spanish colonization, Classical Nahuatl was the lingua franca across much of Mesoamerica, used in trade, scholarship, and administration.

Mexican Sign Language is distinct from American

Mexican Sign Language (LSM) has its own structure and lexicon, differing significantly from American Sign Language (ASL).

Some Mexican languages are tonal

Languages like Mixtec, Zapotec, and Maya use tone to differentiate meaning between words, similar to other tonal languages like Mandarin Chinese and Vietnamese.

Purépecha has no known linguistic relatives

The Purépecha language, spoken in the state of Michoacán, is an isolated language, meaning it has no discernible relation to any other language family.

The Maya characters resemble Egyptian hieroglyphics

These hieroglyphics were used for writing in ancient times, although Maya has since replaced them with the Latin alphabet. However, some languages in Chiapas, like Tzotzil and Tzetal still use ancient Maya hieroglyphs, especially in cultural and ritual contexts.

Unusual Mexican traditions

Mexico has a ton of… unusual traditions that could confuse any outsider. These quirky traditions can be particularly special for foreigners who may appreciate their uniqueness, so make sure to do a deeper dive into any of the following unusual Mexican traditions that pique your interest!

Night of the Radishes

In Oaxaca, the Noche de los Rábanos on December 23rd features a radish-carving contest. This is a major deal in the region, as artists from all over the state compete in this unique celebration.

The ceremony of the flying men

The Voladores de Papantla perform a ritual that originated in pre-Hispanic times. It involves flying around a 30-meter pole from ropes to honor the sun god.

Guelaguetza Festival

This indigenous cultural event in Oaxaca showcases traditional dance, music, and parades from the various indigenous groups within the state, celebrating their cultural heritage and communal ties.

Candlemas Day tamales

On February 2nd, those who found the baby Jesus figurine in the Rosca de Reyes cake during Epiphany are required to make tamales for their family and friends.

La Rama

During Christmas, children in Veracruz go caroling with a branch adorned with lights and decorations, singing traditional songs and asking for aguinaldo — a small gift or treat.

Parachicos in Chiapa de Corzo

The Parachicos dance in January involves locals wearing elaborately decorated masks and headdresses to honor saints and ask for blessings, part of a tradition that combines indigenous and Catholic elements.

Callejoneada

In colonial towns like Guanajuato, traditional street parties called callejoneadas are led by local bands and a donkey carrying tequila. They offer a lively way to explore the city’s narrow alleyways.

Sawdust carpets for Holy Week

In various regions, particularly in Huamantla, locals create intricate carpets made of colored sawdust, flowers, and sand on the streets for religious processions during Holy Week.

The Dance of the Tigers combines combat and choreography

In Guerrero, the traditional Dance of the Tigers features performers dressed as tigers and hunters, engaging in choreographed battles. This dance is part of local festivities and represents the struggle between good and evil.

The Rarámuri participate in barefoot ultra-marathons in Mexico’s Copper Canyon

The Rarámuri or Tarahumara people are internationally renowned for being world-class runners — all while fully barefoot. They engage in races that, on top of being tremendous physical challenges, are also spiritual and community-building activities involving a ball that is kicked by the runners along mountain paths.

Use your Spanish to learn more fun facts about Mexico

One of the best things you can do to learn a new language is spend your time using it on things that you’re interested in. So, as you continue to learn Spanish, keep researching more about Mexican culture, society, and biodiversity. If you’re an intermediate or advanced Spanish speaker, then consider picking up a book on your favorite topic: Mexican history, Mexican nature, Mexican culture, or anything else. You’ll see your Spanish fluency skyrocket — and you’ll learn a ton about Mexico. 😉

And if you’d like to learn more about other Spanish-speaking countries, then check out our Spanish blog! On top of vocabulary and grammar content, we regularly publish cultural content, like Spanish cuisine and Colombian culture.